One of the most well-known and effective ways of impeaching witnesses is to confront them with a prior statement that is inconsistent with their trial testimony. However, practitioners must be wary of engaging in incomplete impeachment, which occurs when: 1) a party asks a witness about an alleged prior inconsistent statement; 2) the witness denies making the statement; and 3) the party fails to prove up the impeachment by introducing evidence that the statement was in fact made.
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